In recent decades, the study of globalization has undergone significant refinement, with a particular focus on understanding the intricate connections, interdependencies, and entanglements in our globalized world. This has led to the emergence of various terms aiming to capture the complexities of this phenomenon, many of which imply a move beyond the framework of the nation-state. Two terms that have gained prominence in this context are “post-national” and “cosmopolitan.” In a special issue titled “Post-national Formations and Cosmopolitanism,” Farida Fozdar and Ian Woodward, along with other contributors, delve into these concepts and explore their manifestations, debates, and real-world implications.

What is Post-Nationalism?

Post-nationalism refers to a shift in perspective that challenges the primacy of the nation-state and emphasizes transnational connections and identities. In a world increasingly characterized by globalization, post-nationalism recognizes that political, economic, social, and cultural forces operate beyond national boundaries. Post-national formations view the nation as one among many actors in global affairs, and seek to transcend traditional notions of citizenship and loyalty to a single state.

This shift has been driven by factors such as increased mobility, migration, and the rise of global issues that require transnational cooperation, such as climate change and global pandemics. Post-nationalism recognizes the interconnectedness of people and the necessity of collaboration across borders to address these challenges effectively.

What is Cosmopolitanism?

Cosmopolitanism, closely related to post-nationalism, is an ideology that embraces a global outlook and recognizes the inherent worth and common humanity of individuals across the world. It emphasizes the importance of cultural diversity, inclusivity, and respect for difference. Cosmopolitanism seeks to transcend narrow nationalistic perspectives and instead encourages empathy, solidarity, and cooperation among people of various backgrounds.

At its core, cosmopolitanism challenges the notion that individuals are defined solely by their nationality or ethnic affiliation, and supports the idea of global citizenship that transcends the limitations of any single nation-state.

How are Post-Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism Related to Globalization?

Post-nationalism and cosmopolitanism are closely linked to the phenomenon of globalization, which has dismantled traditional boundaries and interconnected societies, economies, and cultures on a global scale. They both recognize the need to move beyond the confines of the nation-state and acknowledge the interdependence of individuals and nations in a globalized world.

Globalization has facilitated the flow of people, ideas, goods, and information, challenging the notion of fixed national identities. Post-national formations and cosmopolitan outlooks respond to these changes by advocating for a broader, more inclusive understanding of society that embraces diversity and promotes cross-cultural understanding and cooperation.

Theoretical Debates Surrounding Post-National Formations

The special issue on post-national formations and cosmopolitanism delves into the theoretical debates surrounding these concepts. Contributors explore the extent and durability of post-national expressions, addressing fundamental questions related to the formation and functioning of post-national identities and communities.

Some of the key theoretical debates in this field include:

  • The tension between post-national formations and nationalism
  • The role of globalization in shaping post-national expressions
  • The intersectionality of post-national identities with other social categories, such as race, ethnicity, and gender
  • The potential challenges and benefits of post-national formations for marginalized communities
  • The relationship between post-nationalism and supranational institutions, such as the European Union

Empirical Evidence on Post-National Expressions

The special issue also presents empirical material gathered from various contexts, offering insights into how post-national formations manifest in the real world. By using multiple approaches, researchers shed light on a range of perspectives and experiences related to post-nationalism and cosmopolitanism.

These empirical studies explore:

  • Transnational activism and advocacy networks
  • The experiences of migrants and diaspora communities
  • Cultural production and consumption in a globalized world
  • The impact of global challenges, such as climate change, on national and transnational identities
  • The role of education in fostering cosmopolitan outlooks

Mixed and Ambivalent Responses to Post-Nationalism

The special issue highlights the mixed and sometimes ambivalent responses to post-nationalism and cosmopolitanism. While these concepts offer potential pathways for addressing global challenges and promoting inclusivity, they also face resistance and backlash.

Societies exhibit mixed responses to post-national formations, with some embracing the idea of a global community and others clinging to nationalistic ideologies. The rise of right-wing populist movements in several countries can be seen as a reactionary response to the perceived erosion of national identity and sovereignty.

Furthermore, some critics argue that post-national formations and cosmopolitan outlooks overlook the significance of local and national contexts, potentially undermining cultural diversity and ethnic identities.

In Conclusion

The special issue on post-national formations and cosmopolitanism provides valuable insights into the complexities of our globalized world. It explores the theoretical debates surrounding these concepts, presents empirical evidence on their manifestations, and highlights the mixed and ambivalent responses they evoke.

Post-nationalism and cosmopolitanism offer alternative frameworks for understanding and addressing the challenges of globalization. By recognizing our interconnectedness and embracing diversity, we can strive towards a more inclusive and equitable global community.

“Post-national expressions affirm the relevance of a global perspective, fostering collaboration and solidarity in the face of pressing global challenges.” – Farida Fozdar, Ian Woodward

For a detailed exploration of this research article, please refer to the original publication:

Special issue Post-national formations and cosmopolitanism – Farida Fozdar, Ian Woodward, 2021

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