Baroque architecture is a style of architecture that gained popularity in the 17th century. Its history is steeped in nobilities vying for power and wealth, as it aimed to monumentally display aristocracy and the Catholic Church’s power. The artistic movement of the same name was characterized by its extravagance and grandeur, being laden with curved forms, dramatic ornateness and uses of motion. Despite its later poor reputation of being dated and heavy-handed, it still stands to this day and let us dive into what Baroque Architecture is, how it evolved and see some of its examples.

Origin of Baroque Architecture

The Baroque originated within the Italian region of the same name in the late 16th century, as a response to the preceding Renaissance period. Its influence soon spread to other countries such as Spain, Austria, Germany, France, and eventually to all of Europe. The movement was a product of Rome and its desire to restore religious power and the Church’s influence by having art and architecture depict the glory and splendor of the Christian faith. As a result, the Baroque was often seen as too grand, extravagant and ostentatious, though it did succeed in its purpose.

Characteristics of Baroque Architecture

Baroque architecture was defined by its variety of shapes and curved surfaces, as it was seen as a dramatic and exciting art form. It also contained numerous symbolic figures such as angels, saints, cherubs, and animals. Its materials were some of the most opulent and luxurious available; heavy use of marble, malachite, and lapis lazuli was common. Baroque architecture had a far-reaching impact on the world, even reverberating into modern day.

Aesthetically, Baroque was marked by its extravagance, often featuring ornate decor, heavy sculptural features and stone facades – all of which better served to glorify its subject. Colors were often in stark contrast and varied and employed a range of luxurious materials. Furthermore, its ornamentation was striking, providing intense drama and movement. As Italian architect Francesco Borromini said: “A surgeon does not cut without making the flesh quiver, but in architecture a sure cut and great agility is required, both of limbs and of thought” .

Examples of Baroque Architecture

Versailles Palace in France, resides in the classical french baroque style. Architecture by Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Robert de Cotte, 1680-1708, was dominated by its grand staircase entrance, paintings, statues and grand scale. The palace captured the extravagance and ideology of the monarchy, with the main hallway measuring at a staggering 124 meters long with a ceiling that went over 25 meters in height. Herrenchiemsee, Designed by painter-architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel, is a grand palace located on an island in the Chiemsee in Bavaria, Germany. The palace is a reflection of Louis XIV’s palace at Versailles and also reflects the distinctive elevation, rectangular form and Baroque elements.

Conclusion

The Baroque architectural style embodies grandeur and extravagance, often being too much for modern tastes. Nonetheless, its ornate features do lend it a great impact, both on the buildings it lies on and the viewer it comes in contact with. Its uses of light and movement, as well as its truly luxurious materials, are still captivating this day and is a testament to its noble and ambitious beginnings.

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Tags: Historical Architecture, European

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