Throughout the world, and throughout time, there have been people that have stood out, who had the courage to challenge the status quo, to fight for what is right and who, in turn, have inspired many and have left behind legacies that have been remembered throughout the years.

Courage and bravery come in many shapes and forms, ranging from the willingness to stand up against a tyrant, to unlocking a hidden truth, often at great personal cost, to standing up for what is right whether alone or with a group.

These are just a few examples of the remarkable people who, throughout history, have shown great courage in pursuit of their own beliefs and whose legacies continue to inspire us today. Here are 11 courageous historical figures, brave leaders and heroes in history that left their mark on the world, and symbolize courage, bravery, and resilience.

1. Joan of Arc (1412-1431)

Joan of Arc, also known as “The Maid of Orleans”, is a legendary figure of courage and the embodiment of patriotism. Despite being only 17 years old, Joan of Arc led the French Army and defeated the English in a battle in Orléans, ultimately leading to the end of English rule in France. Joan of Arc was eventually captured by the English, tortured, and burned at the stake, but not before she became an inspiration with her astounding courage, dedication, and loyalty to her King and country.

“We are not of the opinion that a woman should conduct a war… but since we know for certain that it was by the inspiration of God that Joan undertook and achieved so many great things, we cannot doubt that the said Jeanne was sent from God.” Gilles de Rais, one of Joan’s companions

2. Spartacus (c. 109 BC-71 BC)

Spartacus was a Roman slave who, with a group of escaped slaves, led a daring slave revolt against the Roman Republic. Spartacus fought not only against Rome’s military power, but against the very foundations of the Roman state, which was based on slavery. Even though Spartacus and his rebel army were eventually defeated, the story of Spartacus’ courage in the face of insurmountable odds is still talked about today, inspiring people to stand up against authorities and to fight for their own freedom.

3. Harriet Tubman (c. 1820-1913)

The American abolitionist and underground railroad conductor Harriet Tubman was a symbol of courage and strength, who risked her life to lead many African-Americans to freedom during the 19-century. Harriet Tubman escaped slavery and in her lifetime, worked many times to rescue enslaved black people, making 19 trips back into slaveholding states and guiding more than 300 enslaved people to freedom. In addition to her courage, she was also known for her intelligence, kind heart, and unwavering faith.

“I can never be cowered down by any man … I was conductor of the Underground Rail Road for eight years, and I can say what most conductors can’t say. I never ran my train o’ff the track, and I never lost a passenger.” Harriet Tubman

4. Sojourner Truth (1797-1883)

Another famous African American figure is Sojourner Truth, a former slave, who was known for her courage and resilience to challenge the norms of her time. In addition to being one of few African Americans that spoke both publicly and eloquently in favour of the abolition of slavery, Sojourner Truth was also an advocate for women’s rights and advocated for an end of slavery and racial justice. To fight against the inequality of her time, she published her arguments in newspapers and even sued a slave-owner to gain the freedom of her youngest son.

“If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down, all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it right, and make it answer the end for which it was made.” Sojourner Truth

5. Nelson Mandela (1918-2013)

The South African leader Nelson Mandela is often seen as one of the most famous leaders of our time. During South Africa’s apartheid era, Nelson Mandela fought for equality and justice and was jailed for a total of 27 years. His resilience and courage kept the people of South Africa going despite the ongoing repression and injustice. When he was released, he was widely revered, leading to the end of apartheid and sparking the awakening of hope and a new beginning in South Africa.

“I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” Nelson Mandela

6. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)

Mahatma Gandhi, the famous leader of India’s freedom fight, is renowned for his courage and determination to stand up for peace and justice in India. Mahatma Gandhi is most famous for his peaceful protests and campaigns against the British rule and the unjust caste system in India. He preached non-violence and civil disobedience, demonstrating that individuals have the power to enact change.

“Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will.” Mahatma Gandhi

7. Malala Yousafzai (1997-)

Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani activist and Nobel Prize winner, is one of the most courageous figures of our time. When she was only 15 years old, Malala was targeted for supporting girls’ access to education, but still refused to be silenced, taking a stand for education and human rights. She went from being targeted by the Taliban to becoming a global symbol of courage and education for girls.

“One child, one teacher, one book, one pen can change the world.” Malala Yousafzai

8. Muhammed Ali (1942-2016)

Muhammed Ali is one of the most iconic former Olympic athletes and boxers, whose courage to cling to his principles through thick and thin made him an example of courage and resilience. In his later life, he was called “The People’s Champion” for constantly speaking out against racism, violence, and inequality. Ali was arrested several times for his unapologetic and bold views, but still fought for peace, racial harmony, and human rights.

“ I know where I’m going and I know the truth, and I don’t have to be what you want me to be. I’m free to be what I want.” Muhammed Ali

9. Mary Seacole (1805-1881)

Mary Seacole was a Jamaican nurse, businesswoman, and a pioneering figure. As a nurse, Mary Seacole travelled to war zones in Crimea to support the British troops during the Crimean War. Despite facing racism, she still risked her own life to save the injured soldiers and provided medical care, nutrition, and comfort when necessary. She was also a strong advocate for Caribbean women and their rights, in the midst of harsh British colonialism.

10. Rosa Parks (1913-2005)

The defiance of Rosa Parks marks one of the most iconic events in the history of civil rights in the United States. She is most famous for her bravery and courage when, on December 1st, 1955, she refused to give up her seat on a bus and get to the back. Her actions acted as a catalyst for the civil rights movement, inspiring and energizing people to fight for justice and equality.

11. Nelson Cavaquinho (1898-1974)

Nelson Cavaquinho, a Portuguese poet and singer, is an example of the power of music and its ability to inspire, console and empower. During Portugal’s dictatorship, Cavaquinho was arrested several times for his political lyrics, but he kept writing and singing, using his music to resist oppression, while championing the struggles of the Portuguese people.

From Joan of Arc to Nelson Mandela, or Harriet Tubman to Rosa Parks, we can see that courage and bravery come in many shapes, forms, and sizes. The courage of these individuals, and of the many unknown heroes upholding their principles, throughout the world and throughout time, offers us a reminder of the power people have and of the willingness to fight for justice, despite all odds.

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